Forschung der Vegetativen Physiologie
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Gaspermeabilität biologischer Membranen
Wir haben gezeigt, dass die Zellmembran roter Blutzellen deshalb eine hohe Permeabilität für CO2 haben, da sie mit speziellen "CO2-Kanälen" ausgestattet ist. Identifiziert haben wir in diesem Fall das Rhesus-Protein (das auch Blutguppeneigenschaften hat) und das Aquaporin-1 (das zugleich Träger der Blutgruppeneigenschaft Colton ist). Beide Proteine erhöhen die CO2-Permeabilität der Erythrocytenmembran um mehr als das Zehnfache. Wahrscheinlich haben die beiden Proteine denselben Effekt auch für andere Gase, u.a. O2. Andere Zellmembranen, denen diese beiden Proteine fehlen, besitzen sehr viel niedrigere Gaspermeabilitäten. Wir untersuchen den molekularen Mechanismus der CO2-Permeation durch diese Kanäle mittels molekularbiologischer Methoden durch Expression der Proteine und gezielt hergestellter Mutanten in Zellkultur sowie durch Untersuchungen an Rhesus- bzw. Aquaporin-1-defizienten Erythrocyten von menschlichem und von Mäuse-Blut.
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Plastizität des Skelettmuskels
Unterschiedliche Belastungstypen wie z.B. Dauerbelastung (Stichwort Marathon) bzw. Kurzzeithöchstbelastung (Stichwort Sprint) führen nach längerer Zeit jeweils zu charakteristischen Anpassungen des Skelettmuskels, der dadurch diesen Anforderungen besser gerecht wird. Ein Beispiel ist die "Weiß-Rot-Transformation", bei der durch eine andauernde Belastung "schnelle" Muskelfasern in "langsame" umgewandelt werden, die aufgrund einer Umstellung in der Ausstattung mit den Isoformen der kontraktilen Proteine und mit Stoffwechselenzymen (unter Bevorzugung des oxidativen Stoffwechsels) eine wesentlich geringere Ermüdbarkeit als schnelle Fasern aufweisen. Wir untersuchen die Signale und Signalkaskaden, die für diese Anpassungsleistungen des Skelettmuskels verantwortlich sind. Diese Untersuchungen erfolgen hauptsächlich an Muskelzellen in Kultur.
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Die Rolle des Myoglobins für den Sauerstofftransport in Herz und Skelettmuskel
Aus Messungen der Diffusivität von Myoglobin in intakten Herz- und Skelettmuskelzellen leiten wir die quantitative Rolle des Myoglobins einerseits als intrazellulärer O2-Speicher und andererseits als intrazellulärer "O2-Transporteur" ab. Theoretische Berechnungen und zahlreiche experimentelle Befunde zeigen, dass Myoglobin als Speicher und als Transporteur eine vergleichbare Bedeutung hat. Jedoch wird Myoglobin hauptsächlich unter Nicht-steady-state Bedingungen wichtig. Beispiele sind die systolische Phase des Herzens, während derer die Durchblutung der Wand des linken Ventrikels weitgehend sistiert, oder im Skelettmuskel zu Beginn intensiver kontraktiler Tätigkeit. Diese Perioden schlechter O2-Versorgung zu überbrücken, scheint die Hauptaufgabe des Myoglobins zu sein.
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Die Elimination von Milchsäure aus dem Skelettmuskel und die Rolle der muskulären membrangebundenen Carboanhydrasen
Durch die Untersuchung der Muskeln von knockout-Mäusen für die membrangebundenen Carboanhydrasen CA IV, CA IX und CA XIV konnten wir zeigen, dass die Abgabe von in der Muskelzelle gebildeter Milchsäure auf zwei Wegen erfolgt: 1) die Milchsäure diffundiert durch das Sarkoplasma und verlässt die Zelle mithilfe des sarkolemmalen Milchsäure-Carriers (MCT). Dieser Prozess wird unterstützt durch die Carboanyhydrasen IV und XIV; 2) die Milchsäure wird am Ort ihrer Produktion in das intrazelluläre Netzwerk der T-Tubuli abgegeben. Diese können die Milchsäure erheblich schneller bis zur Zelloberfläche transportieren, wodurch sie trotz des geringen Volumenanteils der T-Tubuli sehr effektiv für zur Milchsäureabgabe der Muskelfaser beitragen. Neben ihrer Rolle bei der elektromechanischen Kopplung spielen die T-Tubuli also eine wichtige Rolle als "Drainagesystem der Muskelzelle" für Milchsäure.
- Mechanismen der Muskelplastizität-Fasertyptransformation an kultivierten Muskelzellen (PDF, 521kB)
- CO2-Permeabilität biologischer Membranen (PDF, 36kB)
- Funktionen der Carboanhydrase-Isoenzyme im Muskel und anderen Geweben (PDF, 21kB)
- Intrazelluläre Diffusion von Myoglobin und anderen Proteinen in Herz- und Skelettmuskel (PDF, 244kB)
2000
Myoglobin, nur ein Sauerstoffspeicher oder auch ein Sauerstofftransporter im Muskel? (PDF, 167kB)
2001
Mechanismus der Fasertyp-Transformation im Skelettmuskel (PDF, 1.2MB)
2002
CO2-Permeabilität biologischer Membranen (PDF, 372kB)
2003
An der Muskelfasertransformation und -Hypertrophie beteiligte Signalkaskaden (PDF, 277kB)
2004
Niedrige CO2-Permeabilität der apikalen Epithelmembran im Colon (PDF, 82kB)
2005
Elektromechanische Kopplung: Struktur und Funktion des Dihydropyridinrezeptors (PDF, 591kB)
2006
Die membrangebundenen Carboanhydrasen des Skelettmuskels (PDF, 109kB)
2007
Transportwege von molekularem CO2 in der Erythrozytenmembran (PDF, 41kB)
2009
Publikationen, Buchbeiträge, Promotionen, Abstracts und Forschungsprojekte (PDF, 25kB)
2010
Publikationen, Buchbeiträge, Promotionen, Abstracts und Forschungsprojekte (PDF, 25kB)
2011
Publikationen, Buchbeiträge, Promotionen, Abstracts und Forschungsprojekte (PDF, 116kB)
2012
Publikationen, Buchbeiträge, Promotionen, Abstracts und Forschungsprojekte (PDF, 56kB)
2013
Publikationen, Buchbeiträge, Promotionen, Abstracts und Forschungsprojekte (PDF, 16KB)
2014
Publikationen, Buchbeiträge, Promotionen, Abstracts und Forschungsprojekte (PDF, 16KB)
Dodgson, S.J., G. Gros, J.A. Krawiec, L. Lin, N. Bitterman and R.E. Forster
Comparison of 18O exchange and pH stop-flow assays for carbonic anhydrase.
J.Appl.Physiol. 68: 2443-2450, 1990.
Geers, C. and G. Gros
Effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors on contraction, intracellular pH and energy-rich phosphates of rat skeletal muscle.
J.Physiol. 423: 279-297, 1990.
Jürgens, K.D., T. Peters and G. Gros
A method to measure the diffusion coefficient of myoglobin in intact skeletal muscle cells.
Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. 277: 137-143, 1990.
Piccinini, M., T. Kleinschmidt, K.D. Jürgens and G. Braunitzer
Primary structure and oxygen-binding properties of the hemoglobin from guanaco (Lama guanacoe, Tylopoda).
Biol.Chem.Hoppe-Seyler 371: 641-648, 1990.
Wetzel, P., T. Liebner and G. Gros
Carbonic anhydrase inhibition and calcium transients in soleus fibers.
FEBS Lett. 267: 66-70, 1990.
Wetzel, P. and G. Gros
Sarcolemmal carbonic anhydrase in red and white rabbit skeletal muscle.
Arch.Biochem.Biophys. 279: 345-354, 1990.
Engelhardt, W.V., L. Luciano, E. Reale, G. Gros and G. Rechkemmer
Transport of SCFA across the large intestinal epithelium of guinea pig.
[Review] [14 refs].
Acta Vet.Scand.-Suppl. 86: 103-106, 1989.
Jürgens, K.D.
Allometrie als Konzept des Interspeziesvergleichs von physiologischen Größen.
Berlin-Hamburg: Paul Parey Verlag, 1989
Jürgens, K.D.
Strategies of adaptation of oxygen transport systems in mammals to life at high altitude. [German].
Naturwissenschaften 76: 410-415, 1989.
Jürgens, U.J., J.D. Meissner, H. Reichenbach and J. Weckesser
L-ornithine containing peptidoglycan-polysaccharide complex from the cell wall of the gliding bacterium Herpetosiphon aurantiacus.
FEMS Microbiol.Lett. 60: 247-250, 1989.
Geers, C. and G. Gros
Carbonic anhydrase inhibition affects contraction of directly stimulated rat soleus.
Life Sci. 42: 37-45, 1988.
Gros, G., R.E. Forster and S. Dodgson
CO2/HCO3- equilibria in the body.
In: pH Homeostasis, edited by D. Häussinger. Academic Press Ltd., 1988
Gros, G. and S.J. Dodgson
Velocity of CO2 exchange in muscle and liver.
Ann.Rev.Physiol. 50: 669-694, 1988.
Gros, G., C. Geers and R. Dermietzel
The role of intracellular and extracellular carbonic anhydrases for CO2 exchange in the mammalian lung.
Funktionsanalyse Biol.Systeme 18: 45-52, 1988.
Jürgens, K.D., M. Pietschmann, K. Yamaguchi and T. Kleinschmidt
Oxygen binding properties, capillary densities and heart weights in high altitude camelids.
J.Comp.Physiol. B 158: 469-477, 1988.
Meissner, J.D., J.H. Krauß, U.J. Jürgens and J. Weckesser
Absence of a characteristic cell wall lipopolysaccharide in the phototropic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacusl.
J.Bacteriol. 170: 3213-3216, 1988.
Meissner, J.D., U.J. Jürgens and J. Weckesser
Chemical analysis of peptidoglycans from species of Chromatiaceae and Ectothiorhodospiraceae.
Z.Naturforsch. 43c: 823-826, 1988.
Meissner, J.D., N. Pfennig, H. Mayer and J. Weckesser
Lipopolysaccharides of Thiocystis violacea, Thiocystis pfennigii, and Chromatium tepidum, species of the family Chromatiaceae.
J.Bacteriol. 170: 3217-3222, 1988.
Yamaguchi, K., K.D. Jürgens, H. Bartels, P. Scheid and J. Piiper
Dependence of O2 transfer conductance of red blood cells on cellular dimensions.
Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. 222: 571-578, 1988.
Jürgens, K.D. and J. Prothero
Scaling of maximal lifespan in bats.
Comp.Biochem.Physiol. A88: 361-367, 1987.
Jürgens, U.J., J.D. Meissner, U. Fischer, W.A. König and J. Weckesser
Ornithine as a constituent of the peptidoglycan of Chloroflexus aurantiacus, diaminopimelic acid in that of Chlorobium vibrioforme f. thiosulfatophilum.
Arch.Microbiol. 148: 72-76, 1987.
Meissner, J.D., D. Borowiak, U. Fischer and J. Weckesser
The lipopolysaccharide of the phototrophic bacterium Ectothiorhodospira vacuolata.
Arch.Microbiol. 149: 245-248, 1987.
Meissner, J.D., U. Fischer and J. Weckesser
The lipopolysaccharide of the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium vibrioforme f. thiosulfatophilum.
Arch.Microbiol. 149: 125-129, 1987.
Prothero, J. and K.D. Jürgens
Scaling of maximal lifespan in mammals: a review.
Basic Life Sci. 42: 49-74, 1987.
Yamaguchi, K., K.D. Jürgens, H. Bartels and J. Piiper
Oxygen transfer properties and dimensions of red blood cells in high-altitude camelids, dromedary camel and goat.
J.Comp.Physiol. B157: 1-9, 1987.
Bartels, H., K.D. Jürgens and M. Pietschmann
Gewebssauerstoffversorgung bei hoher Blut-O2-Affinität.
Funktionsanalyse Biol.Systeme 15: 129-136, 1986.
Bruns, W., R. Dermietzel, and G. Gros
Carbonic anhydrase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the rabbit skeletal muscle.
J.Physiol. 371: 351-364, 1986.
Geers, C., T.A. Heming, G. Gros, A. Bidani and E.D. Crandall
Effects of intra- and extracellular carbonic anhydrase on CO2 excretion and intravascular pH equilibrium in the isolated perfused rat lung.
Prog.Resp.Res. 21: 26-29, 1986.
Gros, G. and C. Geers
Evidence for interstitial activity of a sarcolemmal carbonic anhydrase in skeletal muscle from application of macromolecular carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
Prog.Resp.Res. 21: 22-25, 1986.
Heming, T.A., C. Geers, G. Gros, A. Bidani and E.D. Crandall
Effects of dextran-bound inhibitors on carbonic anhydrase activity in isolated
rat lungs.
J.Appl.Physiol. 61: 1849-1856, 1986.
Jürgens, K.D., M. Pietschmann and H. Bartels
Blood factors influencing O2-transport at high altitude.
Prog.Resp.Res. 21: 226-229, 1986.
Kleinschmidt, T., J. Marz, K.D. Jürgens and G. Braunitzer
Interaction of allosteric effectors with alpha-globin chains and high altitude respiration of mammals. The primary structure of two tylopoda hemoglobins with high oxygen affinity: vicuna (Lama vicugna) and alpaca (Lama pacos).
Biol.Chem.Hoppe-Seyler 367: 153-160, 1986.
Prothero, J. and K.D. Jürgens
An energetic model of daily torpor in endotherms.
J,Theor.Biol. 121: 403-417, 1986.
Geers,C. and G. Gros
Carbon dioxide transport and carbonic anhydrase in blood and muscle.
Physiol.Rev. 80: 681-715, 2000.
Gros, G.
Atmung.
In: Physiologie der Haustiere, edited by W.V. Engelhardt and G. Breves.
Stuttgart: Enke, 2000, p. 217-253.
Jürgens, K.D., S. Papadopoulos, T. Peters and G. Gros
Myoglobin - Just an oxygen store or also an oxygen transporter ?
NIPS 18: 269-274, 2000.
Knüppel-Ruppert, A.S., G. Gros, W. Harringer and H.P. Kubis
Immunochemical evidence for a unique GPI-anchored carbonic anhydrase isozyme in
human cardiomyocytes.
Am.J.Physiol.Heart Circ.Physiol. 278: H1335-H13442000.
Meissner, J.D., H.P. Kubis, R.J. Scheibe and G. Gros
Reversible Ca2+-induced fast-to-slow transition in primary skeletal muscle culture cells at the mRNA level.
J.Physiol. 523 Pt 1: 19-28, 2000.
Müller, W.H., D. Kleefeld, B. Khattab, J.D. Meissner and R.J. Scheibe
Effects of retinoic acid on N-glycosylation and mRNA stability of the liver/bone/kidney alkaline phosphatase in neuronal cells.
J.Cell.Physiol. 182: 50-61, 2000.
Papadopoulos, S., K.D. Jürgens, and G. Gros
Protein diffusion in living skeletal muscle fibers: dependence on protein size, fiber type, and contraction.
Biophys.J. 79: 2084-2094, 2000.
Peters, T., F. Papadopoulos, H.P. Kubis and G. Gros
Properties of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor protein in flounder serum.
J.Exp.Biol. 203: 3003-3009, 2000.
Peters, T., R.E. Forster and G. Gros. Hagfish (Myxine glutinosa) red cell membrane exhibits no bicarbonate permeability as detected by (18)O exchange.
J.Exp.Biol. 203 Pt 10: 1551-1560, 2000.
Scheibe, R.J., H. Kuehl, S. Krautwald, J.D. Meissner and W.H. Müller
Ecto-alkaline phosphatase activity identified at physiological pH range on intact P19 and HL-60 cells is induced by retinoic acid.
J.Cell.Biochem. 76: 420-436, 2000.
Wetzel, P. and G. Gros
Carbonic anhydrase in striated muscle.
In: The carbonic anhydrases - New Horizons, edited by W.D. Chegwidden,
N.D. Carter, and Y. Edwards. Birkhäuser Verlag, 2000, p.375-399.
Meissner, J.D., A. Naumann, W.H. Müller and R.J. Scheibe
Regulation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase by retinoic acid in P19 cells.
Biochem.J. 338: 561-568, 1999.
Peters, T., H.P. Kubis, P. Wetzel, S. Sender, G. Asmussen, R. Fons and K.D. Jürgens
Contraction parameters, myosin composition and metabolic enzymes of the skeletal muscles of the etruscan shrew Suncus etruscus and of the common European white-toothed shrew Crocidura russula (Insectivora: soricidae).
J.Exp.Biol. 202: 2461-2473, 1999.
Sender, S., K. Böttcher, Y. Cetin and G. Gros
Carbonic anhydrase in the gills of seawater- and freshwater-acclimated flounders
Platichthys flesus: purification, characterization, and immunohistochemical localization.
J.Histochem.Cytochem.47: 43-50, 1999.
Bartels, H., R. Bartels and K.D. Jürgens
Physiologie
München: Urban und Schwarzenberg, 1998
Brandt, K., J.H. Swagemakers, K. Bickhardt, H.P. Kubis, G. Gros and E. Deegen
Renal tubular acidosis in a frisian stallion caused by carbonic anhydrase deficiency.
Equine vet.Educ. 10: 250-254, 1998.
Forster, R.E., G. Gros, L. Lin, Y. Ono and M. Wunder
The effect of 4,4' -diisothiocyanato-stilbene-2,2' -disulfonate on CO2 permeability of the red blood cell membrane.
Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 95: 15815-15820, 1998.
Jürgens, K.D., R. Fons, T. Peters and S. Sender
Heart and respiratory rates in the smallest mammals, the shrew Suncus etruscus.
Vie Milieu/Life & Environ. 48: 105-109, 1998.
Peters, T. and G. Gros
Transport of bicarbonate, other ions and substrates across the red blood cell membrane of hagfishes.
In: The biology of hagfishes, edited by J.M. Jørgensen, J.P.
Lomholt, R.E. Weber, and H. Malte.
London: Chapman & Hall, 1998, p.307-320.
Sender, S., B. Decker, C.D. Fenske, W.S. Sly, N.D. Carter and G. Gros
Localization of carbonic anhydrase IV in rat and human heart muscle.
J.Histochem.Cytochem. 46: 855-861, 1998.
Wetzel, P. and G. Gros
Inhibition and kinetic properties of membrane-bound carbonic anhydrases in rabbit skeletal muscles.
Arch.Biochem.Biophys. 356: 151-158, 1998.
Wetzel, P. and G. Gros
Decay of Ca2+ and force transients in fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscles from the rat, mouse and etruscan shrew.
J.Exp.Biol. 201: 375-384, 1998.
Wunder, M.A. and G. Gros
18O exchange in suspensions of red blood cells: determination of parameters of mass spectrometer inlet system.
Isotopes Environ.Health Stud. 34: 303-310, 1998.
Abel, P., S. Wussow, H. Blucher, G. Gros, R. Rettig and A. Honig
Erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase activity in smokers and in diabetic patients.
Exp.Clin.Endocrin.Diabetes 105 Suppl 2: 17-19, 1997.
Böllert, P., T. Peters, W.V. Engelhardt and G. Gros
Mass spectrometric determination of HCO3- permeability and carbonic anhydrase activity in intact guinea-pig colon epithelium.
J.Physiol. 502: 679-691, 1997.
Böllert, P., T. Peters and G. Gros
Determination of intracellular carbonic anhydrase activity and bicarbonate permeability in intact colon epithelia by observation of 18O-labelling of CO2.
Isotopes Environ.Health Stud. 33: 217-226, 1997.
Darby, T.G., J.D. Meissner, A. Ruhlmann, W.H. Müller and R.J. Scheibe
Functional interference between retinoic acid or steroid hormone receptors and the oncoprotein Fli-1.
Oncogene15: 3067-3082, 1997.
Fons, R., S. Sender, T. Peters and K.D. Jürgens
Rates of rewarming, heart and respiratory rates and their significance for oxygen transport during arousal from torpor in the smallest mammal, the Etruscan shrew Suncus etruscus.
J.Exp.Biol. 200: 1451-1458, 1997.
Gros, G.
Lessons from a new model : intracellular Ca++ mediates muscle plasticity.
NIPS 12: 194-195, 1997.
Jürgens, K.D., S. Papadopoulos, T. Peters and G. Gros
Determination of the diffusion coefficient of myoglobin in muscle cells. Photo-oxidation and microinjection method.
Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. 428: 293-298, 1997.
Kubis, H.P., E.A. Haller, P. Wetzel and G. Gros
Adult fast myosin pattern and Ca2+-induced slow myosin pattern inprimary skeletal
muscle culture.
Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 94: 4205-4210, 1997.
Kubis, H.P. and G. Gros
A rapid electrophoretic method for separating rabbit skeletal muscle myosin heavy chains at high resolution.
Electrophoresis 18: 64-66, 1997.
Wunder, M., P. Böllert and G. Gros
Mathematical modelling of the role of intra- and extracellular activity anhydrase and membrane permeability.
Isotopes Environ.Health Stud. 33: 197-205, 1997.
Decker, B., S. Sender and G. Gros
Membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase IV in skeletal muscle:subcellular localization.
Histochem.Cell Biol. 106: 405-411, 1996.
Gros, G., H.W. Müller-Dethard, W. Bruns and W. Zingel
Carbonic anhydrase III regulation under chronic hypoxiy and creatine depletion. In: Tissue reactions in response to hypoxia and ischämia
edited by J. Grote and C. Stick. Mainz: 1996, p.177-191.
Jürgens, K.D., R. Fons, T. Peters and S. Sender
Heart and respiratory rates and their significance for convective oxygen transport rates in the smallest mammal, the Etruscan shrew Suncus etruscus.
J.Exp.Biol. 199: 2579-2584, 1996.
Klaus, S., S. Raimbault, F. Bouillaud, D. Ricquier, M. Gessner and K.D. Jürgens
Sequence of the brown adipose tissue specific uncoupling protein UCP from the Etruscan shrew (Suncus etruscus).
In: Adaptation to the Cold:Tenth International Hibernation Symposium, edited by F. Geiser, A.J. Hulbert, and S.C. Nicol. University of New England Press, 1996, p. 293-298.
Meissner, J.D., G.A. Brown, W.H. Müller and R.J. Scheibe
Retinoic acid-mediated decrease of GaS protein expression: involvement of GaS in the differentiation of HL-60 myeloid cells.
Exp.Cell Res. 225: 112-121, 1996.
Asher, R.A., R.J. Scheibe, H.D. Keiser and A. Bignami
On the existence of a cartilage-like proteoglycan and link proteins in the central nervous system.
Glia 13: 294-308, 1995.
Geers, C. and G. Gros
Contractile function of papillary muscles with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
Life Sci. 57: 591-597, 1995.
Geers, C., K. Benz and G. Gros
Effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors on oxygen consumption and lactate accumulation in skeletal muscle.
Comp.Biochem.Physiol. 112A: 111-117, 1995.
Karck, M., G. Ziemer, M. Zoeller, S. Schulte, K.D. Jürgens, H. Weisser and A. Haverich
Protection of the chronic hypoxic immature rat heart during global ischemia.
Ann.Thorac.Surg. 59: 699-706, 1995.
Papadopoulos, S., K.D. Jürgens and G. Gros
Diffusion of myoglobin in skeletal muscle cells - dependence on fibre type, contraction and temperature.
Pflügers Arch - Eur J Physiol 430: 519-525, 1995.
Engelhardt, W.V., G. Gros, M. Burmester, K. Hansen, G. Becker and G. Rechkemmer
Functional role of bicarbonate in propionate transport across guinea-pig isolated caecum and proximal colon.
J.Physiol. 477: 365-371, 1994.
Jürgens, K.D., T. Peters and G. Gros
Diffusivity of myoglobin in intact skeletal muscle cells.
Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 91: 3829-3833, 1994.
Jürgens, K.D.
Die Höhenanpassung der Neuweltcameliden - Teil III- (Herz/Kreislauf und Gewebe).
LAMAS 2: 27-29, 1994.
Jürgens, K.D.
High altitude adaptation of oxygen transport properties of blood and circulation in South American camelids.
In: Proceedings of the European Symposium on South American camelids, edited by M. Gerken and C. Renieri. 1994, p. 219-228.
Jürgens, K.D. Die Höhenanpassung der Neuweltcameliden - Teil II-(Blut).
LAMAS 2: 36-41, 1994.
Karck, M., G. Ziemer, M. Zoller, S. Schulte, K.D. Jürgens and A. Haverich
Die Wertigkeit myocardprotektiver Methoden bei chronisch hypoxischen unreifen Rattenherzen.
Helve.Chirurg.Acta 60: 1143-1150, 1994.
Peters, T., K.D. Jürgens, G. Gunther-Jürgens and G. Gros
Determination of myoglobin-diffusivity in intact skeletal muscle fibers. An improved microscope-photometrical approach.
Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. 345: 677-683, 1994.
Sender, S., G. Gros, A. Waheed, G.S. Hageman and W.S. Sly
Immunohistochemical localization of carbonic anhdrase IV in capillaries of rat and human skeletal muscle.
J.Histochem.Cytochem. 42: 1229-1236, 1994.
Chen, H.-M., H.L. Pahl, R.J. Scheibe, D.-E. Zhang and D.G. Tenen
The Sp1 transcription factor binds the CD11b promoter specifically in myeloid cells in vivo and is essential for myeloid-specific promoter activity.
J.Biol.Chem. 268: 8230-8239, 1993.
Gros, G., P. Wetzel, C. Geers, S.J. Dodgson, R.E. Forster and S. Sender
Functional significance of carbonic anhydrase in skeletal muscle.
In: Respiration in health and diseases, edited by P. Scheid. 1993
Jürgens, K.D.
Die Höhenanpassung der Neuweltcameliden -Teil I-(Lunge und Atmung).
LAMAS 1: 33-35, 1993.
Pahl, H.L., R.J. Scheibe, D.-E. Zhang, H.-M. Chen, D.L. Galson, R.A. Maki and D.G. Tenen
The promoter oncogene PU.1 regulates expression of the myeloid-specific CD11b promoter.
J.Biol.Chem. 268: 5014-5020, 1993.
Bruns, W. and G. Gros
Membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase in the heart.
Am.J.Physiol. 262: H577-H5841992.
Geers, C., D. Krüger, W. Siffert, A. Schmid, W. Bruns and G. Gros
Carbonic anhydrase in skeletal and cardiac muscle from rabbit and rat.
Biochem.J. 282: 165-171, 1992.
Howley, R.J., R.J. Scheibe and J.A. Wagner
NGF activates a2 gene transcription through a cyclic-AMP response element.
J.Neurosci. 12: 2573-2581, 1992.
Romanowski, F., J. Schierenbeck and G. Gros
Facilitated CO2 diffusion in various striated muscles.
In: Quantitative Spectroscopy in Tissue, edited by K. Frank and M. Kessler.
Frankfurt/M.: PMI-Verlag, 1992, p. 205-211.
Scheibe, R.J. and J.A. Wagner
RA regulates both expression of the low-affinity NGF receptor and the sensitivity to NGF.
J.Biol.Chem. 267: 17611-17616, 1992.
Waheed, A., X.L. Zhu, W.S. Sly, P. Wetzel and G. Gros
Rat skeletal muscle membrane associated carbonic anhydrase is 39-kDa,
glycosylated, GPI-anchored CA IV.
Arch.Biochem.Biophys. 294: 550-556, 1992.
Bruns, W. and G. Gros
Membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase in cardiac muscle.
In: Carbonic anhydrase: from biochemistry and genetics to
physiology and clinical medicine, edited by F. Botré, G.
Gros, and B.T. Storey. Weinheim: Verlag Chemie, 1991
Bruns, W. and G. Gros
Modified micromethod for assay of carbonic anhydrase activity.
In: The carbonic anhydrases: cellular physiology and molecular genetics, edited by S. Dodgson, R.E., Tashian, G. Gros, and N.D. Carter. New York: Plenum Press, 1991
Geers, C. and G. Gros
Muscle carbonic anhydrases: their function in muscle contraction and in the homeostasis of muscle pH and pCO2.
In: The carbonic anhydrases: cellular physiology and molecular genetics to physiology, edited by S.J. Dodgson, R.E. Tashian, G. Gros, and N.D. Carter. New York: Plenum Press, 1991, p. 227-240.
Geers, C., P. Wetzel and G. Gros
Is carbonic anhydrase required for contraction of skeletal muscle ?
NIPS 6: 78-82, 1991.
Gros, G.
The role of carbonic anhydrase within the tissues - with special reference to striated muscle.
In: Physiological strategies for gas exchange and metabolism, edited by A.J. Woakes, M.K., Grieshaber, and C.R. Bridges. Cambridge University Press, 1991
Gros, G., C. Geers, D. Krüger, W. Bruns, H.-W. Müller-Dethard and K. Bourwieg
Functional aspects of muscle carbonic anhydrases.
In: Carbonic anhydrase: from biochemistry and genetics to physiology and clinical medicine, edited by F. Botré ,G. Gros, and B.T. Storey. Weinheim: Verlag Chemie, 1991, p. 288-298.
Gros, G.
Mechanisms of CO2 transport in vertebrates.
Verh.Dtsch.Zool.Ges. 84: 213-230, 1991.
Jürgens, K.D.
Allometry as a tool for extrapolation of biological variables.
Comp.Biochem.Physiol. 100C: 287-290, 1991.
Jürgens, K.D. and J. Prothero
Lifetime energy budgets in mammals and birds.
Comp.Biochem.Physiol. 100: 703-709, 1991.
Scheibe, R.J., D.D. Ginty and J.A. Wagner
Retinoic acid stimulates the differentiation of PC12 cells that are deficient in cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
J.Cell Biol. 113: 1173-1182, 1991.
Scheibe, R.J., I. Möller-Runge and W.H. Müller
Retinoic acid induces the expression of alkaline phosphatase in P19.
J.Biol.Chem. 266: 21300-21305, 1991.
Wetzel, P. and G. Gros
Involvement of muscle carbonic anhydrase in intracellular calcium transport during excitation-contraction coupling.
In: The carbonic anhydrase: from biochemistry and genetics to physiology and clinical medicine, edited by F. Botré,G. Gros, and B.T. Storey. Weinheim: Verlag Chemie, 1991
Hallerdei J, Scheibe RJ, Parkkila S, Waheed A, Sly WS, Gros, G, Wetzel, P, Endeward, V.
T tubules and surface membranes provide equally effective pathways of carbonic anhydrase-facilitated lactic acid transport in skeletal muscle.
PLoS ONE 5(12): e15137 (2010)
Gros G, Wittenberg BA, Jue T.
Myoglobin’s old and new clothes: from molecular structure to function in living cells.
J Exp Biol. 213: 2713-25 (2010)
Saari S, Hilvo M, Pan P, Gros G, Hanke N, Waheed A, Sly WS, Parkkila S.
The most recently discovered carbonic anhydrase, CA XV, is expressed in the thick ascending limb of Henle and in the collecting ducts of mouse kidney.
PLoS One 5(3): e9624 (2010)
Endeward V, Gros G, Jürgens KD.
Significance of myoglobin as an O2 store and O2 transporter in the intermittently perfused human heart - a model study.
Cardiovasc Res 87: 22-29 (2010)
Hanke N, Kubis HP, Scheibe RJ, Berthold-Losleben M, Huesing O, Meissner JD, Gros G.
Passive mechanical forces upregulate the fast myosin heavy chain IId/x via integrin and p38 MAP-Kinase activation in a primary muscle cell culture.
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 298: C910-C920 (2010)
Scholz ME, Meissner JD, Scheibe RJ, Umeda PK, Chang KC, Gros G, Kubis HP.
Different roles of H-ras for regulation of myosin heavy chain promoters in satellite cell-derived muscle cell culture during proliferation and differentiation.
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 297: C1012-C1018 (2009)
Sjöblom M, Singh AK, Zheng W, Wang J, Tuo BG, Krabbenhöft A, Riederer B, Gros G, Seidler U.
Duodenal acidity "sensing" but not epithelial HCO3- supply is critically dependent on carbonic anhydrase II expression.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106: 13094-13099 (2009)
Endeward V, Gros G.
Extra- and intracellular unstirred layer effects in measurements of CO2 diffusion across membranes - a novel approach applied to the mass spectrometric 18O technique for red blood cells.
J Physiol. 587: 1153-1167 (2009)
Moll W, Gros G.
Combined glycolytic production of lactate(1-) and ATP(4-) derived protons (= dissociated lactic acid) is the only cause of metabolic acidosis of exercise - a note on the OH(-) absorbing function of lactate (1-) production.
J Appl Physiol. 105: 365 (2008)
Hanke N, Meissner JD, Scheibe RJ, Endeward V, Gros G, Kubis HP.
Metabolic transformation of rabbit skeletal muscle cells in primary culture in response to low glucose.
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol. Cell Res. 1783: 813-825 (2008)
Scheibe RJ, Mundhenk K, Becker T, Hallerdei J, Waheed A, Shah GN, Sly WS, Gros G, Wetzel P.
Carbonic anhydrases IV and IX: subcellular localization and functional role in mouse skeletal muscle.
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 294: C402-412 (2008)
Endeward V, Cartron J-P, Ripoche P, Gros G.
RhAG protein of the Rhesus complex is a CO2 channel in the human red cell membrane.
FASEB J. 22: 64-73 (2008)
Wetzel P, Scheibe RJ, Hellmann B, Hallerdei J, Shah GN, Waheed A, Gros G, Sly WS.
Carbonic anhydrase XIV in skeletal muscle: subcellular localization and function from wild-type and knockout mice.
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 293: C358-366 (2007)
Meissner JD, Chang KC, Kubis HP, Nebreda AR, Gros G, Scheibe RJ.
The p38alpha /beta mitogen-activated kinases mediate recruitment of CREB-binding protein to preserve fast myosin heavy chain IId/x gene activity in myotubes.
J Biol Chem. 282: 7265-7275 (2007)
Meissner JD, Umeda PK, Chang KC, Gros G, Scheibe RJ.
Activation of the beta myosin heavy chain promoter by MEF-2D, MyoD, p300, and the calcineurin/NFATc1 pathway.
J Cell Physiol. 211:138-148 (2007)
Scheibe RJ, Gros G, Parkkila S, Waheed A, Grubb JH, Shah GN, Sly WS, Wetzel P.
Expression of membrane-bound carbonic anhydrases IV, IX, and XIV in the mouse heart.
J Histochem Cytochem 54:1379-1391 (2006)
Endeward V, Musa-Aziz R, Cooper GJ, Chen LM, Pelletier MF, Virkki LV, Supuran CT, King LS, Boron WF, Gros G.
Evidence that aquaporin 1 is a major pathway for CO2 transport across the human erythrocyte membrane.
FASEB J. 20:1974-1981 (2006).
Leuranguer V, Papadopoulos S, Beam KG.
Organization of calcium channel beta1a subunits in triad junctions in skeletal muscle.
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 2006:3521-3527
Beekley M.D., Wetzel P., Kubis H.P., Gros G.
Contractile properties of skeletal muscle fibre bundles from mice deficient in carbonic anhydrase II.
Pflugers Arch. 452: 453-63, 2006
Endeward V, Cartron JP, Ripoche P, Gros G.
Red cell membrane CO2 permeability in normal human blood and in blood deficient in various blood groups, and effect of DIDS.
Transfus Clin Biol. 2006, 13:123-7.
Leppilampi M, Parkkila S, Karttunen T, Gut MO, Gros G, Sjoblom M.
Carbonic anhydrase isozyme-II-deficient mice lack the duodenal bicarbonate secretory response to prostaglandin E2.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005,102:15247-52.
Endeward V, Gros G.
Low carbon dioxide permeability of the apical epithelial membrane of guinea-pig colon.
J Physiol. 2005, 567:253-65.
Kubis HP, Hanke N, Scheibe RJ, Gros G.
Accumulation and nuclear import of HIF1 alpha during high and low oxygen concentration in skeletal muscle cells in primary culture.
Biochim Biophys Acta. Mol. Cell Res. 2005, 1745:187-95.
Kleinke T., Wagner S., John H., Hewett-Emmett D., Parkkila S., Forssmann W.G., Gros G.
A distinct carbonic anhydrase in the mucus of the colon of humans and other mammals.
J. Exp. Biol. 208: 487-496, 2005
Geumsoo Kim T.H. L., Wetzel P., Geers G., Robinson M.A., Myers T.G., Owens J.W., Wehr N.B., Eckhaus M.W., Gros G., Wynshaw-Boris A., Levine R.L.
Carbonic Anhydrase III is not required in the mouse for normal growth, development, and life span.
Mol. Cell. Biol. 22: 9942-9947, 2004
Gros G.
Atmung.
In: Lehrbuch Vorklinik, Hrsg. Schmidt R.F., Unsicker K., Deutscher Ärzteverlag, Köln S. 235-291, 2003
Endeward V., Kleinke, T., Gros, G.
Carbonic Anhydrase in the Gastrointestinal Mucus of Mammals. Possible Protective Role Against Carbon Dioxide.
Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 136: 281-287, 2003
Kubis H.P., Hanke N., Scheibe R.J., Meissner J.D., Gros G.
Ca2+ transients activate calcineurin/NFATc1 and initiate fast-to-slow transformation in a primary skeletal muscle culture.
Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 285: C56 - 63, 2003
Jürgens K.D.
The consquences of being small: Etruscan shrew muscle.
J Exp Biol 205: 2161-2166, 2002.
Kofidis T., Akhyari P., Boublik J., Theodorou P., Martin U., Ruhparwar A., Fischer S., Eschenhagen T., Kubis H.P., Kraft T., Leyh R., Haverich A.
In vitro engineering of heart muscle: artificial myocardial tissue.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 124: 63-9, 2002.
Wetzel P., Kleinke T., Papadopoulos S., Gros G.
Inhibition of muscle carbonic anhydrase slows the Ca(2+) transient
in rat skeletal muscle fibers.
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 283:C1242-53, 2002.
Kubis H.P., Scheibe R.J., Meissner J.D., Hornung G. and G. Gros
Fast-to-slow transformation and nuclear import/export kinetics of the transcription factor NFATc1 during electrostimulation of rabbit muscle cells in culture.
J. Physiol. 541: 835-47, 2002.
Jürgens K.D. and G. Gros
Phylogeny of gas exchange systems. [Phylogenese der Gasaustauschsysteme.]
Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 37: 185-98, 2002.
Wetzel P., Papadopoulos S. and G. Gros
Inhibition of muscle carbonic anhydrase increases rise and relaxation times of
twitches in rat skeletal muscle fibres.
Pflügers Arch (Germany) 443: 762-70, 2002
Adams H.A. and G. Gros
Anesthesiologist and phylogenesis - what are the conclusions based on biology?
Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 37: 65, 2002
Meissner, J.D., G. Gros, R.J. Scheibe, M. Scholz and H.P. Kubis
Calcineurin regulates slow myosin, but not fast myosin or metabolic enzymes, during fast-to-slow transformation in rabbit skeletal muscle cell culture.
J. Physiol. 533: 215-226, 2001.
Papadopoulos, S., V. Endeward, B. Revesz-Walker, K.D. Jürgens and G. Gros
Radial and longitudinal diffusion of myoglobin in single living heart and skeletal muscle cells.
Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 98: 5904-5909, 2001.
Wetzel, P., A. Hasse, S. Papadopoulos, J. Voipio, K. Kaila and G. Gros
Extracellular carbonic anhydrase activity facilitates lactic acid transport in rat skeletal muscle fibres.
J. Physiol. 531: 743-756, 2001.
Jürgens, K.D.
Physiologie und Pathophysiologie.
Fernuniversität Gesamthochschule Hagen. 2001.
Al-Samir S, Yildirim AÖ, Sidhaye VK, King LS, Breves G, Conlon TM, Stoeger C, Gailus-Durner V, Fuchs H, Hrabe de Angelis M, Gros G, Endeward V
Aqp5-/- mice exhibit reduced maximal body O2 consumption under cold exposure, normal pulmonary gas exchange, and impaired formation of brown adipose tissue.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 324: R109–R119, 2023. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00130.2022. Epub 2022 Nov 21.
Gros G.
Kapitel "Atmung" in: Physiologie der Haustiere, 6. Auflage.
Thieme, 2022
Al-Samir S, Itel F, Hegermann J, Gros G, Tsiavaliaris G, Endeward V.
O2 permeability of lipid bilayers is low, but increases with membrane cholesterol.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2021 Dec;78(23):7649-7662. doi: 10.1007/s00018-021-03974-9. Epub 2021 Oct 25. PMID: 34694438
Al-Samir S, Prill M, Supuran CT, Gros G, Endeward V.
CO2 permeability of the rat erythrocyte membrane and its inhibition.
J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2021 Dec;36(1):1602-1606. doi: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1952194. PMID: 34261373
Gorinski N, Wojciechowski D, Guseva D, Abdel Galil D, Mueller FE, Wirth A, Thiemann S, Zeug A, Schmidt S, Zareba-Kozioł M, Wlodarczyk J, Skryabin BV, Glage S, Fischer M, Al-Samir S, Kerkenberg N, Hohoff C, Zhang W, Endeward V, Ponimaskin E.
DHHC7-mediated palmitoylation of the accessory protein barttin critically regulates the functions of ClC-K chloride channels.
J Biol Chem. 2020 May 1;295(18):5970-5983. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.011049. Epub 2020 Mar 17. PMID: 32184353
Hanff E, Zinke M, Böhmer A, Niebuhr J, Maassen M, Endeward V, Maassen N, Tsikas D.
GC-MS determination of nitrous anhydrase activity of bovine and human carbonic anhydrase II and IV.
Anal Biochem. 2018 Jun 1;550:132-136. doi:10.1016/j.ab.2018.05.001. Epub 2018 May 2.
Arias-Hidalgo M, Al-Samir S, Gros G, Endeward V.
Cholesterol is the main regulator of the carbon dioxide permeability of biological membranes.
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 315: C137–C140 (2018). First published June 6, 2018; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00139.
Eigendorf J, May M, Friedrich J, Engeli S, Maassen N, Gros G and Meissner JD.
High intensity high volume interval training improves endurance performance and induces a nearly complete slow-to-fast fiber transformation on the mRNA level.
Front. Physiol. 9:601 (2018). doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00601
Arias-Hidalgo M, Yuan Q, Carta F, Supuran CT, Gros G, Endeward V.
CO2 permeability of rat hepatocytes and relation of CO2 permeability to CO2 production.
Cell Physiol Biochem 2018;46:1198–1208 (DOI:10.1159/000489070)
Endeward V, Arias-Hidalgo M, Al-Samir S, Gros G.
CO2 permeability of biological membranes and role of CO2 channels.
Membranes 7, 61 (2017). doi:10.3390/membranes7040061.
Arias-Hidalgo M, Al-Samir S, Weber N, Geers-Knörr C, Gros G, Endeward V.
CO2 permeability and carbonic anhydrase activity of rat cardiomyocytes.
Acta Physiol (Oxf). 221:115-128 (2017). doi: 10.1111/apha.12887.
Arias-Hidalgo M, Hegermann J, Tsiavaliaris G, Carta F, Supuran CT, Gros G, Endeward V.
CO2 and HCO3- Permeability of the Rat Liver Mitochondrial Membrane
Cell Physiol Biochem 39:2014-2024 (2016). DOI:10.1159/000447897
Tsikas D, Böhmer A, Gros G, Endeward V.
Evidence of the chemical reaction of 18O-labelled nitrite with CO2 in aqueous buffer of neutral pH and the formation of 18OCO by isotope ratio mass spectrometry.
Nitric Oxide 55-56:25-35 (2016). doi: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.03.002. Epub 2016 Mar 11.
Al-Samir S, Goossens D, Cartron JP, Nielsen S, Scherbarth F, Steinlechner S, Gros G and Endeward V.
Maximal Oxygen Consumption is Reduced in Aquaporin-1 Knockout Mice.
Front. Physiol. 7:347 (2016). doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00347
Al-Samir S, Wang Y, Meissner JD, Gros G, Endeward V.
Cardiac Morphology and Function, and Blood Gas Transport in Aquaporin-1 Knockout Mice.
Front Physiol 7:181 (2016)
Kubis HP, Scheibe RJ, Decker B, Hufendiek K, Hanke N, Gros G, Meissner JD
Primary skeletal muscle cells cultured on gelatin bead microcarriers develop structural and biochemical features characteristic of adult skeletal muscle.
Cell Biol Int. 40: 364-374 (2016)
Gros G.
„Atmung“ in: Physiologie der Haustiere.
Physiologie der Haustiere. 5. Auflage, Hrsg. von Engelhardt, Breves, Diener, Gäbel. Enke-Verlag (2015)
Tsiavaliaris, G, Itel, F, Hedfalk K, Al-Samir S, Meier W, Gros G, Endeward V
Low CO2 permeability of cholesterol-containing liposomes detected by stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy.
FASEB J 29: 1780-1793 (2015)
Endeward V, Al-Samir S, Itel F, Gros G
How Does Carbon Dioxide Permeate Cell Membranes? A discussion of concepts, results and methods.
Front Physiol. 4:382 (2014). doi: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00382
Al-Samir S, Papadopoulos S, Scheibe RJ, Meißner JD, Cartron JP, Sly WS, Alper SL, Gros G, Endeward V.
Activity and distribution of intracellular carbonic anhydrase II and their effects on the transport activity of anion exchanger AE1/SLC4A1.
J Physiol 591: 4963-4982 (2013)
Itel F, Al-Samir S, Öberg F, Chami M, Kumar M, Supuran CT, Deen PMT, Meier W, Hedfalk K, Gros G, Endeward V.
CO2 permeability of cell membranes is regulated by membrane cholesterol and protein gas channels.
FASEB J 26: 5182–5191 (2012).
Endeward V.
The rate of the deoxygenation reaction limits myoglobin- and hemoglobin-facilitated O2 diffusion in cells.
J Appl Physiol 112: 1466–1473 (2012)
Meissner JD, Freund R, Krone D, Umeda PK, Chang KC, Gros G, Scheibe RJ.
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2-mediated phosphorylation of p300 enhances myosin heavy chain I/β gene expression via acetylation of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1.
Nucleic Acids Res. 39: 5907-5925 (2011)
Boron WF, Endeward V, Gros G, Musa-Aziz R, Pohl P.
Intrinsic CO2 permeability of cell membranes and potential biological relevance of CO2 channels.
CHEMPHYSCHEM 12 (5): 1017-1019 (2011)
Hanke N, Scheibe RJ, Manukjan G, Ewers D, Umeda PK, Chang K-C, Kubis H-P, Gros G, Meissner JD.
Gene regulation mediating fiber-type transformation in skeletal muscle cells is partly glucose- and ChREBP-dependent.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta Mol Cell Res 1813: 377–389 (2011)
Diplom- und Promotionsarbeiten
Cornelia Siebrands
Einfluss von Elektrostimulation auf die Muskeltrophik. Beteiligung des Akt/mTOR-Weges und des Calcineurin/NFAT-Signalweges.
Diplom/Biochemie
Melanie Märkisch und Björn Silberhorn
Der Einfluß von Carboanhydrasehemmung und von Acidose auf die Kontraktion des Papillarmuskels der Ratte.
Promotion/Zahnmedizin
Habilitation
Petra Wetzel
Die Carboanhydrasen des Sarkolemms und des sarkoplasmatischen Retikulums: Charakterisierung und physiologische Rolle bei H+-Transporten.
Habilitation "Physiologie"
Die Forschung der Arbeitsgruppe wird überwiegend durch DFG-geförderte Drittmittelprojekte finanziert.
Es bestehen derzeit Kooperationen mit Arbeitsgruppen in...
- Basel / Schweiz (Fabian Itel, Departement Chemie, Universität Basel)
- Göteborg / Schweden (Dr. K. Hedfalk, University of Göteborg)
- Hannover / Germany (Prof. G. Tsiavaliaris, Inst. für Biophysikalische Chemie)
- St. Louis / USA (Prof. W.S. Sly)
- Cleveland / USA (Prof. W.F. Boron)
- Florenz / Italien (Prof. C. Supuran)
- Paris / Frankreich (Prof. J.P. Cartron).